Suggested citation format:
Ciolek, T. Matthew (ed.). 1999 - present. Georeferenced historical routes and nodes - Timeline. OWTRAD Dromographic Digital Data Archives (ODDDA). Old World Trade Routes (OWTRAD) Project. Canberra: www.ciolek.com - Asia Pacific Research Online.
www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/oddda.html

OWTRAD Dromographic Digital Data Archives
(ODDDA)
Georeferenced historical routes and nodes - Timeline

edited by

Dr T. Matthew Ciolek,

Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies,
Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
tmciolek@ciolek.com
http://www.ciolek.com/PEOPLE/ciolek-tm.html

Document created: 1 Aug 2006. Last updated: 29 Jan 2007

This document catalogs and archives data sets about historical transport/travel/communication routes and nodes. These geo- and chrono-referenced data have been constructed as a part of the Old World Trade Routes (OWTRAD) project.

NOTE: Researchers wishing to publish at this address their own data sets
describing communication and transport networks world-wide are warmly invited to contact the site's editor.

|| OWTRAD Home Page || Notation System || Gazetteer || Catalogue of Caravanserais/Khans || Trade Routes' Glossary || Sources and Bibliography || ODDDA Home Page ||
Series 1 - Routes:
|| Africa || Asia & the Middle East || Europe || Timeline ||
Series 2 - Significant Nodes:
|| Old World ||

Google [Search by authors, route, cargo, geography, or time-period]
 
Web ODDDA georeferenced data sets
 

Be sure to check back frequently for updates/corrections and new data sets

Individual OWTRAD data sets (geospatial and historical description of NODES and connecting them travel ROUTES) which are listed below follow exact specifications of the OWTRAD Notation System, a tool for digitization of information extracted from sources containing text and/or graphics.

Please also note that the filenames below (e.g.'tmcILa0600.html', or 'tmcDZm0500.html') observe the following convention:

    Timeline

    600 BCE

  1. Middle East, 700-500 BCE, trade routes tmcILa0600.html Middle East, 700-500 BCE, trade routes
    [13 routes' segments; Src: Cohen and Yisrael 1995; georeferenced]

    2. 550 BCE

  2. Persia, 550-450 BCE, major roads tmcIRa0500.html Persia, 550-450 BCE, major roads
    [18 routes' segments; Src: Lockhart 1966; georeferenced; also available in Google Earth/KML format]

    3. 350 BCE

  3. Hellenistic countries, 350 BCE, trade routes tmcGRa0350.html Hellenistic countries, 350 BCE, trade routes
    [52 routes' segments; Src: Scarre (ed.) 1988; georeferenced]

    4. 200 BCE

  4. Central Europe, 200 BCE-400 CE, 'Amber Road' trade routes tmcZCEm0100.html Central Europe, 200 BCE-400 CE, 'Amber Road' trade routes
    [32 routes' segments; Src: www.bernsteinstrasse.net n.d; georeferenced]

    5. 200 BCE

  5. The Mediterranean, Iran and China, 200 BCE-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' routes tmcZCAm0600.html The Mediterranean, Iran and China, 200 BCE-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' routes
    [55 routes' segments; Src: Klimkeit 1988; georeferenced]

    6. 130 BCE

  6. Mediterranean Sea, 130 BCE-200 CE, trade routes tmcXMEm0200.html Mediterranean Sea, 130 BCE-200 CE, trade routes
    [46 routes' segments; Src: Stone (ed.) 1989; georeferenced]

    7. 100 BCE

  7. Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 5, 'Silk Road' routes tmcKGa0100e.html Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 5, 'Silk Road' routes
    [57 routes' segments; Src: Kolobova n.d.; georeferenced]

    8. 100 BCE

  8. Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 4, 'Silk Road' routes tmcKGa0100d.html Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 4, 'Silk Road' routes
    [32 routes' segments; Src: ITMC Tien Shan n.d.; georeferenced]

    9. 100 BCE

  9. Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 3, 'Silk Road' routes tmcKGa0100c.html Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 3, 'Silk Road' routes
    [42 routes' segments; Src: Artrek 2001; georeferenced]

    10. 100 BCE

  10. Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 2, 'Silk Road' routes tmcKGa0100b.html Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 2, 'Silk Road' routes
    [16 routes' segments; Src: Unusaliev and Tabaldiev 1998; georeferenced]

    11. 100 BCE

  11. Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 1, 'Silk Road' routes tmcKGa0100a.html Kyrgyzstan, 100 BCE-1400 CE - data set 1, 'Silk Road' routes
    [37 routes' segments; Src: Artrek n.d.; georeferenced]

    12. 50 BCE

  12. Persia, 50 BCE-300 CE, trade routes tmcIRa0100.html Persia, 50 BCE-300 CE, trade routes
    [92 routes' segments; Src: Davies 1959; georeferenced]

    13. 1 CE

  13. Central Asia, 1 CE-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' routes tmcZCAm1000.html Central Asia, 1 CE-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' routes
    [45 routes' segments; Src: Foltz 1999; georeferenced]

    14. 1 CE

  14. Central Asia, 1 CE-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' routes tmcZCAm1000a.html Central Asia, 1 CE-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' routes
    [40 routes' segments; Src: Anonymous-4 1991; georeferenced]

    15. 100 CE

  15. NW China, 100-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' trade routes tmcCNm1000.html NW China, 100-1400 CE, 'Silk Road' trade routes
    [45 routes' segments; Src: Anonymous-4 1991; georeferenced]

    16. 150 CE

  16. Mediterranean countries, 150-230 CE, trade routestmcEGm0200.html Mediterranean countries, 150-230 CE, trade routes
    [45 routes' segments; Src: Stone (ed.) 1989; georeferenced]

    17. 200 CE

  17. Morocco, 200-1930 CE, caravan routestmcMAm1500.html Morocco, 200-1930 CE, caravan routes
    [20 routes' segments; Src: de Rouvray 2001; georeferenced]

    18. 200 CE

  18. Iran and China, 200 BCE-500 CE, 'Silk Road' routes tmcZCAm0200.html Iran and China, 200 BCE-500 CE, 'Silk Road' routes
    [27 routes' segments; Src: Klimkeit 1988; georeferenced]

    19. 400 CE

  19. Tajikistan, 400-800 CE - data set 1, 'Silk Road' routes tmcTJm0400a.html Tajikistan, 400-800 CE - data set 1, 'Silk Road' routes
    [104 routes' segments; Src: Tajikistan Development Gateway Team. n.d. (1) & (2); georeferenced]

    20. 400 CE

  20. Tajikistan, 400-800 CE - data set 2, 'Silk Road' routes tmcTJm0400b.html Tajikistan, 400-800 CE - data set 2, 'Silk Road' routes
    [53 routes' segments; Src: Jonboboev & Mamadambarova. n.d. (1); georeferenced]

    21. 500 CE

  21. North-West Africa, 500-1800 CE, trade routestmcDZm0500.html North-West Africa, 500-1800 CE, trade routes
    [28 routes' segments; Src: Oliver 2000; georeferenced]

    22. 620 CE

  22. Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 620-1940 CE, 'Tea and Horse' routes tmcCNm0620.html Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 620-1940 CE-'Tea and Horse' routes
    [71 routes' segments; Src: CRI English.com 2006; georeferenced]

    23. 680 CE

  23. Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 680-1950 CE - data set 1, 'Tea and Horse' routes tmcCNm0680a.html Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 680-1950 CE - data set 1, 'Tea and Horse' routes
    [16 routes' segments; Src: Yang Fuquan 2004a; georeferenced]

    24. 680 CE

  24. Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 680-1950 CE - data set 2,'Tea and Horse' routes tmcCNm0680b.html Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 680-1950 CE - data set 2,'Tea and Horse' routes
    [18 routes' segments; Src: Yang Fuquan 2004b; georeferenced]

    25. 680 CE

  25. Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 680-1950 CE - data set 3, 'Tea and Horse' routes tmcCNm0680c.html Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan, 680-1950 CE - data set 3,'Tea and Horse' routes
    [27 routes' segments; Src: Beijing Portal 2004; georeferenced]

    26. 700 CE

  26. Central Asia, 700-1000 CE, 'Silk Road' routes tmcZCAm0800.html Central Asia, 700-1000 CE, 'Silk Road' routes
    [59 routes' segments; Src: Whitfield 1999; georeferenced]

    27. 800 CE

  27. Central Europe, 800-900 CE, trade routes tmcCZm0800.html Central Europe, 800-900 CE, trade routes
    [19 routes' segments; Src: Humnicki and Borawska (eds.) 1969a; georeferenced]

    28. 800 CE

  28. Baltic Sea, 800-900 CE, trade routes tmcXBLm0800.html Baltic Sea, 800-900 CE, trade routes
    [7 routes' segments; Src: Humnicki and Borawska (eds.) 1969a; georeferenced]

    29. 900 CE

  29. Iran and Turkmenistan, 900-1300 CE, caravan routes tmcTMm1100.html Iran and Turkmenistan, 900-1300 CE, caravan routes
    [97 routes' segments; Src: Buryakov, Y.F. et al. 1999a.; georeferenced]

    30. 900 CE

  30. Spain, 900-2000 CE, pilgrimage routes tmcESm1400.html Spain, 900-2000 CE, pilgrimage routes
    [37 routes' segments; Src: Bardwell et al. 2000; georeferenced]

    31. 900 CE

  31. France, 900-2000 CE, pilgrimage routes tmcFRm1300.html France, 900-2000 CE, pilgrimage routes
    [73 routes' segments; Src: Souter and Souter 2000; georeferenced]

    32. 950 CE

  32. Ukraine, 950-1050 CE, trade routes tmcUAm1000.html Ukraine, 950-1050 CE, trade routes
    [9 routes' segments; Src: Humnicki and Borawska (eds.) 1969b; georeferenced; also available in Google Earth/KML format]

    33. 1000 CE

  33. France, 1000-1500 CE, pilgrimage routes tmcFRm1500.html France, 1000-1500 CE, pilgrimage routes
    [38 routes' segments; Src: Zarnecki 1985; georeferenced]

    34. 1000 CE

  34. France, 1000-1500 CE, pilgrimage routes - data set 2 tmcFRm1500a.html France, 1000-1500 CE, pilgrimage routes - data set 2
    [58 routes' segments; Src: Sumption 2002; georeferenced]

    35. 1100 CE

  35. North-Western Europe, 1100-1500 CE, woollen cloth trade routes tmcBEm1100.html North-Western Europe, 1100-1500 CE, woollen cloth trade routes
    [17 routes' segments; Src: Spufford 2002; georeferenced; also available in Google Earth/KML format]

    36. 1130 CE

  36. Poland, 1130-1180 CE, major roads tmcPLm1150.html Poland, 1130-1180 CE, major roads
    [165 routes' segments; Src: Humnicki and Lalik (eds.) 1957b; georeferenced]

    37. 1200 CE

  37. Cambodia [Khmer], 1200 CE, major roads tmcKHm1200.html Cambodia [Khmer], 1200 CE, major roads
    [35 routes' segments; Src: Hatano 2002; georeferenced]

    38. 1200 CE

  38. Poland, 1200-1450 CE, major trade roads tmcPLm1370b.html Poland, 1200-1450 CE, major trade roads
    [35 routes' segments; Src: Wojtowicz 1956; georeferenced]

    39. 1200 CE

  39. Poland and Ukraine, 1200-1700 CE, trade routes tmcPLm1400.html Poland and Ukraine, 1200-1700 CE, trade routes
    [40 routes' segments; Src: Herbst 1954; georeferenced]

    40. 1200 CE

  40. Anatolia, 1200-1400 CE, trade routes tmcTRm1200a.html Anatolia, 1200-1400 CE, trade routes
    [191 routes' segments; Src: Anonymous-5. n.d; georeferenced]

    41. 1200 CE

  41. The Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia and China, 1200-1400 CE, trade routes tmcTRm1200b.html The Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia and China, 1200 CE-1400 CE, trade routes
    [121 routes' segments; Src: Anonymous-6. n.d; georeferenced]

    42. 1300 CE

  42. Europe, Levant and North Africa, 1300-1500 CE, trade routes tmcZWEm1300a.html Europe, Levant and North Africa, 1300 CE-1500 CE, trade routes
    [266 routes' segments; Src: King 1985; georeferenced]

    43. 1300 CE

  43. North Africa, 1300-1900 CE, pilgrimage routestmcDZm1300a.html North Africa, 1300-1900 CE, pilgrimage routes
    [135 routes' segments; Src: al-Naqar 1972; georeferenced]

    44. 1300 CE

  44. North Africa, 1300-1900 CE, trade routestmcDZm1300b.html North Africa, 1300-1900 CE, trade routes
    [33 routes' segments; Src: al-Naqar 1972; georeferenced]

    45. 1300 CE

  45. Turkey, 1300-1600 CE, trade routes tmcTRm1300.html Turkey, 1300-1600 CE, trade routes
    [174 routes' segments; Src: Inalcik 2000; georeferenced]

    46. 1300 CE

  46. Middle East and India,1300-1600 CE, trade and pilgrimage routes tmcZMEm1300.html Middle East and India,1300-1600 CE, trade and pilgrimage routes
    [149 routes' segments; Src: Michell 1978; georeferenced]

    47. 1340 CE

  47. Poland, 1340-1400 CE, major trade roads tmcPLm1370a.html Poland, 1340-1400 CE, major trade roads
    [152 routes' segments; Src: Wojtowicz 1956; georeferenced]

    48. 1368 CE

  48. China, 1368-1644 CE, Imperial courier (I-chan) routes tmcCNm1500.html China, 1368-1644 CE, Imperial courier (I-chan) routes
    [468 routes' segments; Src: Hoshi 1971 and Elvin 1982; georeferenced]

    49. 1370 CE

  49. Poland, 1370 CE, major roads tmcPLm1370.html Poland, 1370 CE, major roads
    [43 routes' segments; Src: Rutkowski (ed.) 1980a; georeferenced]

    50. 1370 CE

  50. Western Europe, 1370-1430 CE, banking courier routes tmcZWEm1400a.html Western Europe, 1370-1430 CE, banking courier routes
    [71 routes' segments; Src: Spufford 2002; georeferenced]

    51. 1400 CE

  51. The Black Sea, Mediterranean and the Atlantic coasts of Western Europe, 1400-1530 CE, Venetian galley-operated trade routes tmcXMEm1400.html The Black Sea, Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast of Western Europe, 1400-1530 CE, Venetian galley-operated trade routes
    [79 routes' segments; Src: Spufford 2002; georeferenced]

    52. 1450 CE

  52. Southern Germany, 1450-1500 CE, trade routes tmcDEm1500a.html Southern Germany, 1450-1500 CE, trade routes
    [48 routes' segments; Src: Spufford 2002; georeferenced]

    53. 1450 CE

  53. Moldavia and Transylvania, 1450-1500 CE, trade routes tmcMDm1470.html Moldavia and Transylvania, 1450-1500 CE, trade routes [NEWEST DATASET, published Jan 2007]
    [115 routes' segments; Src: Racovitza 2005; georeferenced]

    54. 1500 CE

  54. Central Europe, 1500 CE, pilgrimage routes to Rome tmcDEm1500.html Central Europe, 1500 CE, pilgrimage routes to Rome
    [204 routes' segments; Src: Erhard Etzlaub of Nuremberg, 1500, reprinted in Spufford 2002; georeferenced]

    55. 1500 CE

  55. Central Europe, 1500 CE, 'Holy Roman Empire' trade routes tmcZCEm1500.html Central Europe, 1500 CE, 'Holy Roman Empire' trade routes
    [159 routes' segments; Src: Davies and Moorhouse 2003; georeferenced]

    56. 1550 CE

  56. India,1550-1710 CE, major roads tmcINm1550.html India,1550-1710 CE, major roads
    [88 routes' segments; Src: Farooque 1977; georeferenced]

    57. 1700 CE

  57. China, 1644 -1896 CE, Imperial courier (I-chan) routes tmcCNm1700.html China, 1644 -1896 CE, Imperial courier (I-chan) routes
    [643 routes' segments; Src: Cheng 1970; georeferenced]

    58. 1700 CE

  58. Tanzania, 1700-1890 CE, trade route tmcTZm1700.html Tanzania, 1700-1890 CE, trade route
    [6 routes' segments; Src: United Republic of Tanzania 2006; georeferenced; also available in Google Earth/KML format]

    59. 1850 CE

  59. Yunnan, China, Laos, Burma, and Vietnam circa 1850 CE, 'Tea' routes tmcCNm1850.html Yunnan, China, Laos, Burma, and Vietnam circa 1850 CE, 'Tea' routes
    [36 routes' segments; Src: Beijing Portal 2004a; georeferenced]

    60. 1900 CE

  60. Karakoram and Pamir,1900 CE, major travel routes tmcAFm1900.html Karakoram and Pamir,1900 CE, major travel routes
    [17 routes' segments; Src: Walker 1995; georeferenced; also available in Google Earth/KML format]

    61. 1900 CE

  61. Tibet, 1900-1950 CE, trade and transportation routes tmcCNm1950.html Tibet, 1900-1950 CE, trade and transportation routes
    [150 routes' segments; Src: Baumann 1988; georeferenced]

    62. 1900 CE

  62. Tibet, 1900-1950 CE, trade and transportation routes - data set 2 tmcCNm1950a.html Tibet, 1900-1950 CE, trade and transportation routes - data set 2
    [14 routes' segments; Src: Norbu & Turnbull 1976, Gyatso 1992, Norbu 1997; georeferenced; also available in Google Earth/KML format]

    63. 1920 CE

  63. NW China,1920 CE, major roads and caravan routes tmcCNm1920.html NW China,1920 CE, major roads and caravan routes
    [111 routes' segments; Src: Cable and French 1947; georeferenced]

    64. 1999 CE

  64. Spain, 1999 CE, pilgrimage routes tmcESm1999.html Spain, 1999 CE, pilgrimage routes
    [35 routes' segments; Src: Loiselle n.d.; georeferenced; also available in Google Earth/KML format]

    65.  

  65. [further data sets will be published here ...]

Copyright (c) 1999 - present by T. Matthew Ciolek. Creative Commons License OWTRAD materials and data sets may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 2.5 License. Please direct comments, questions or requests about this license policy to tmciolek@ciolek.com.

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