Old World Trade Routes (OWTRAD):
Middle East trade routes c. 700-500 BCE.

Dr T. Matthew Ciolek, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies,
Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
tmciolek@ciolek.com
http://www.ciolek.com/PEOPLE/ciolek-tm.html

Data set created: 1 Oct 2000. Last updated: 1 May 2004

Contents of this data set

[Search by authors, route, cargo, geography, or time-period]   Web ODDDA georeferenced data sets

The data originate in the studied analogue source(s) (indicated below). Here they are disambiguated, subjected to georeferencing, and re-stated in a highly standardised manner. Consequently, OWTRAD data are easier to crossreference, share, analyse and manipulate. Also, they are more precise, and easier to test and correct than the original sources.

Although careful judgement has been applied in constructing this body of electronic data, it is still possible that some oversights or errors may be lurking in it still. Therefore, please treat OWTRAD data as sets of plausible hypotheses, i.e. bodies of statements which always are in need of further refinement, and further testing. Whenever necessary, do test and cross-validate OWTRAD routes/tracks (and their nodes) against each other, as well as against books, maps and georeferenced data sets published by other researchers, or agencies. Please be mindful of discrepancies or contradictions (and their likely sources) between these various bodies of information. Also, whenever possible, please test all such georeferenced materials against the detailed primary historical/ geographical/ anthropological/ logistical information about the region/time-period in question.

To keep OWTRAD data a source of dependable research information, please email tmciolek@ciolek.com with any corrections, addenda, or comments. Your input, dear reader, is always warmly welcome and highly appreciated.

Metadata [DublinCore] describing this data set

STATUS OF THE DATA FILE

VERSION AND CHANGE HISTORY

DATA PROBLEMS CATALOG

OWTRAD data in Mapinfo® interchange format

The files listed below are published as the "Mapinfo Interchange" files. This means that their "native" format is a Mapinfo® map.
The MapInfo Interchange files (*.mif, *mid) can be imported directly into other software, such as, for example, ArcGIS. The MIF file contains the graphics, while the MID file contains the textual data. The MIF file header contains the details of the coordinate system and bounds of the data set.

• tmcILa0600 MID and MIF files - download this bundle of zipped files.

OWTRAD data in Google Earth® Data Exchange (KML) format

The KML files are published in "Keyhole Markup Language" format. This means that they can be immediately used (e.g. displayed, shared, juxtaposed, analysed, combined with other OWTRAD data sets) via the Google Earth® software. These files represent a dual attempt. Firstly, they are an attempt at the basic clean up of collected raw data. Secondly, they are an attempt at a guess/reconstruction of the most plausible geography of the movement/transport/communication circuit in question.

Comments

• "routes" - data on the geography of movement/transport/communication links between pairs of places exactly as they were stated in the source material. Whenever the source offers both generalised and more detailed information on links (i.e. a rough description of a circuit, e.g. "node A - node C" and a more precise account of the same circuit, e.g. "node A - node B - node C") the more detailed route information is represented in the KML file.
• "tracks" - the estimated most likely (i.e. the shortest, yet the least strenuous) continuous pathway connecting the two "nodes" in question. This estimation takes into account the following variables:
  (a) the stated "routes";
  (b) the mode of transport (vessels, vehicles, pack animals, riding animals, walking, etc.) as stated in the source;
  (c) the lie of the terrain these routes cross including topographic and hydrographic details, as well as the placement of any cultivated fields/forests as stated by the Google Earth;
  (d) the archipelago of known human settlements and/or other sources of food/fodder and water as stated by the Google Earth, or other sources of georeferenced information;
  (e) the network of known current (or past) roads, trails and tracks as stated by the Google Earth.
  
  Each of the OWTRAD KML "tracks" files was plotted to fit the Google Earth (GE) topography/road system at the 32 km scale legend, or better. This means that the tracks charts are more detailed/nuanced than the corresponding MapInfo and CSV route data files. Nevertheless, such charts always prove to be increasingly schematic/less realistic when they are superimposed on GE maps with the scale legends which are larger (= more detailed) than the ones that were used as the basis for plotting the tracks.
• "nodes" - details of geographical coordinates and of the names of human settlements and other waypoints recorded by the source as a way describing the "routes" in question.
  The place names for "nodes" presented in this KML file follow naming convention used by sources digitised by the OWTRAD Project. The long/lat information for each of the named nodes comes from the US National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) database, and other published (on paper, or online) gazetteers. Please note that quite intentionally no attempt is made here to reconcile the OWTRAD-based long/lat information with that which is provided by the Google Earth's Primary Database. This means that there can be several minor discrepancies between the two sets of long/lat values. Therefore the KML "nodes" chart becomes increasingly schematic when it is used used in the context of GE-derived information for digital maps with scale legends larger than 32 km.

Access on the Web "filename-data.kml.txt" file & save it as the Google-Earth-ready "filename-data.kml" file.

• tmcILa0600 (routes, tracks, and nodes) KML data file - [under construction]-data.kml.txt (file size approx 30 KB)

Copyright restrictions applicable to the OWTRAD Project data are stated at the end of this web document.

OWTRAD data in Comma Separated Value (CSV) File Format

All records are designed to be copied from the screen and used as an input for subsequent word-processing, email, database, spreadsheet, or GIS operations. Copyright restrictions applicable to the OWTRAD Project data are stated at the end of this web document.

Travel routes - georeferenced and GIS-ready data (to be used in conjunction with "Travel Nodes")

"NODE1","COUNTRY1","NODE2","COUNTRY2","DETAIL","USES","TYPE","ROLE","GOODS1","GOODS2","GOODS3","DIR","DIST","TRAVMODE","TRAVTIME","EARLYDATE","LATEDATE","DATAQLTY","SRC","LONG1","LAT1","COORDSRC1","LONG2","LAT2","COORDSRC2","NODEID1","NODEID2","PROBL","DATAID"
"'En Haseva","IL","Ezion-geber","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.246","30.803","Bartholemew 1992","34.95","29.55","TGN","54","53","P000","tmcILa0600_001a"
"'En Haseva","IL","Horvat 'Uza","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.246","30.803","Bartholemew 1992","35.166668","31.200001","ADL","54","65","P000","tmcILa0600_002a"
"'En Haseva","IL","Kadesh Barnea","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.246","30.803","Bartholemew 1992","34.400002","30.65","ADL","54","132","P000","tmcILa0600_003a"
"Arad","IL","Horvat 'Uza","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.15","31.267","TGN","35.166668","31.200001","ADL","17","65","P000","tmcILa0600_004a"
"Arad","IL","Horvat Tov","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.15","31.267","TGN","35.150002","31.316668","ADL","17","67","P000","tmcILa0600_005a"
"Beersheva","IL","Tel Masos","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","34.783","31.25","TGN","34.966667","31.216667","ADL","30","62","P000","tmcILa0600_006a"
"Horvat 'Uza","IL","Horvat Qitmit","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.166668","31.200001","ADL","35.049999","31.216667","ADL","65","66","P000","tmcILa0600_007a"
"Horvat Qitmit","IL","Tel Malhata","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.049999","31.216667","ADL","35.033333","31.216667","ADL","66","166","P000","tmcILa0600_008a"
"Horvat Tov","IL","loc01-tmc001204","IL","near Hebron","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.150002","31.316668","ADL","35.1","31.533","ADL4312183","67","8","P000","tmcILa0600_009a"
"Jerusalem","IL","loc01-tmc001204","IL","near Hebron","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.233","31.767","TGN","35.1","31.533","ADL4312183","178","8","P000","tmcILa0600_010a"
"Tel 'Ira","IL","Tel Malhata","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35","31.21667","OWT est","35.033333","31.216667","ADL","165","166","P000","tmcILa0600_011a"
"Tel 'Ira","IL","Tel Masos","IL","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35","31.21667","OWT est","34.966667","31.216667","ADL","165","62","P000","tmcILa0600_012a"
"'En Haseva","IL","Edom","JO","nkn","trd","cd","maj","A000","B000","C000","nkn","d000dd","nkn","t000t","-600","-500","QA2","Cohen and Yisrael 1995","35.246","30.803","Bartholemew 1992","35.6","30.735","OWT est","54","327","P000","tmcILa0600_013a"

Travel nodes - georeferenced and GIS-ready data (to be used in conjunction with "Travel Routes")

"NODE1","LONG1","LAT1","COUNTRY1","DETAIL","DATASTATUS","NODEID1","DATAID"
"'En Haseva","35.246","30.803","IL","nkn","exact","54","tmcILa0600_001a"
"Arad","35.15","31.267","IL","nkn","exact","17","tmcILa0600_004a"
"Beersheva","34.783","31.25","IL","nkn","exact","30","tmcILa0600_006a"
"Edom","35.6","30.735","JO","nkn","approx","327","tmcILa0600_013a"
"Ezion-geber","34.95","29.55","IL","nkn","exact","53","tmcILa0600_001a"
"Horvat 'Uza","35.166668","31.200001","IL","nkn","exact","65","tmcILa0600_004a"
"Horvat Qitmit","35.049999","31.216667","IL","nkn","exact","66","tmcILa0600_007a"
"Horvat Tov","35.150002","31.316668","IL","nkn","exact","67","tmcILa0600_009a"
"Jerusalem","35.233","31.767","IL","nkn","exact","178","tmcILa0600_010a"
"Kadesh Barnea","34.400002","30.65","IL","nkn","exact","132","tmcILa0600_003a"
"Tel 'Ira","35","31.21667","IL","nkn","approx","165","tmcILa0600_012a"
"Tel Malhata","35.033333","31.216667","IL","nkn","exact","166","tmcILa0600_011a"
"Tel Masos","34.966667","31.216667","IL","nkn","exact","62","tmcILa0600_012a"
"loc01-tmc001204","35.1","31.533","IL","near Hebron","approx","8","tmcILa0600_009a"

Copyright (c) 2000 - present by T. Matthew Ciolek. OWTRAD materials and data sets may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 2.5 License. Please direct comments, questions or requests about this license policy to tmciolek@ciolek.com.

URL http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcILa0600.html