Global Networking Timeline
Sources and Bibliography

Dr T. Matthew Ciolek,

Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies,
Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
tmciolek@coombs.anu.edu.au
http://www.ciolek.com/PEOPLE/ciolek-tm.html

Document created: 9 Jan 1999. Last updated: 26 Apr 2010

This document provides references to The Global Networking: a Timeline pages.

This document is only as good as the collated information itself. Please email any additional data and corrections to tmciolek@coombs.anu.edu.au. Your collaboration and input is warmly appreciated.

work in progress - tmc

---

	Web Global Networking Timeline

[ Home Page ]
[ Early developments ] [ 5th c. BCE ] [ 4th c. BCE ] [ 3rd c. BCE ] [ 2nd c. BCE ] [ 1st c. BCE ] [ 1st millennium CE ] [ 1000s ] [ 1100s ] [ 1200s ] [ 1300s ] [ 1400s ] [ 1500s ] [ 1600s ] [ 1700s ] [ 1800s ] [ 1810s ] [ 1820s ] [ 1830s ] [ 1840s ] [ 1850s ] [ 1860s ] [ 1870s ] [ 1890s ] [ 1900s ] [ 1910s ] [ 1920s ] [ 1930s ] [ 1940s ] [ 1950s ] [ 1960s ] [ 1970s ] [ 1980s ] [ 1990 ] [ 1991 ] [ 1992 ] [ 1993 ] [ 1994 ] [ 1995 ] [ 1996 ] [ 1997 ] [ 1998 ] [ 1999 ] [ 2000 ] [ 2001 ] [ 2002 ] [ 2003 ] [ 2004 ] [ 2005 ] [ 2006 ] [ 2007 ] [ 2008 ] [ 2009 ] [ 2010 ]
[ Acknowledgments ] [ Sources ]

---

Ward Christensen, Chicago, IL, US
Dr. Bernhard Debatin, Ohio University, Athens, OH, US
Curtis M. Emerson, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, US
Ken Fussichen, US
Kathy Gill, Bellevue, WA, US
Raymond Lum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
Prof. Moo-Young Han, Dept of Physics, Duke University, US
Doug Pearson, NASA Ames Research Center, US
Jean Armour Polly, www.netmom.com, ?Canada
Cornelis Robat, The History of Computing Foundation, US
Prof. David Rosenberg, Middlebury College, VT, US
Prof. Nirvikar Singh, Dept of Economics and Social Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, US.
Michael Swogger, www.realnetworks.com, Seattle, WA, US
Abby Zito, Middlebury College, VT, US

A
• Allen, Thomas B. 1988. Bulletin Boards of the 21st Century are Coming of Age. Smithsonian, September 1988. Vol 19(6), pp. 83-93.
• Alpeda - The Multimedia Course. 1998. History of CD-ROM (v. 13 Aug 1998).
  www.alpeda.shef.ac.uk/fr_779.htm
• Amazon.com, Inc. 1999. Amazon.com Company Information.
  www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/subst/misc/company-info.html
• Ament, Kurt. 1998. TR06: Babelfish: Real-Time Machine Translation on the Internet (v. Jun 2003).
  www.tc-forum.org/topictr/tr06babe.htm
• Anderson, Robert H. et al. 1995. Universal Access to E-mail Feasibility and Societal Implications. RAND Corporation. (v. 1995).
  www.rand.org:80/publications/MR/MR650/
• Anonymous. nd. Usenet: History. (v. Sep 1995).
  www.vrx.net/usenet/history/
• Anonymous, Kevin. nd. The Exciting History of Carbon Paper!.
  ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/kml/cc.htm
• Anonymous. 1997. The Birth of the Information Age: ENIAC 50th Anniversary Celebration. (v. Sep 1995).
  www.seas.upenn.edu/~museum/
• App, Urs. 1995. The Code of the Codex (v. 5 May 1995).
  www.iijnet.or.jp/iriz/irizhtml/maketext/codex.htm
• AT&T. nd. 1924 - Fax Service (v. 9 Mar 2002)
  www.att.com/technology/history/chronolog/24fax.html

B

• Barnes, Jesse. 1997. History and Overview of FTP (v. Sep 1997).
  www.humboldt.edu/~jsb7/C/TCPIP/FTP/overview.shtml
• Beeching, Cyril Leslie. 1993. A dictionary of dates. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
• Bharat, Krishna and Andrei Broder. 1998. A technique for measuring the relative size and overlap of public Web search engines (v. Apr 1998).
  www7.conf.au/programme/fullpapers/1937/com1937.htm
• Berners-Lee, Tim. 1998. Frequently asked questions by the Press. (v. Dec 1998).
  www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html
• Berners-Lee, Tim. nd. The World Wide Web: A very short personal history. (v. Dec 1998).
  www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ShortHistory
• Boeing. nd. The Boeing Logbook: 1964 - 1970. (v. Jul 2006).
  www.boeing.com/history/chronology/chron10.html
• Brennan, Patricia. 1998. Timeline: A History of Copyright in the U.S. (v. 30 Apr 1998).
  arl.cni.org/info/frn/copy/timeline.html
• The British Library Board. 1997. The Diamond Sutra: The World's Earliest Dated Printed Book
  www.bl.uk/diglib/treasures/diamond-sutra.html
• Borgnino, Andrea and Angelo Brunero. 2001. A signal crosses the Atlantic (v. Jul 2001).
  www.alpcom.it/hamradio/atlantic.html
• Borges, Jorge Luis. 1975. The Book of Sand. Hardmondsworth: Penguin Books.
• Brader, Mark. 1994. A Chronology of Digital Computing Machines (to 1952) (v. 9 Apr 1994).
  www.best.com/~wilson/faq/chrono.html
• Bronson, Po. 2000. The Man Who E-mailed the World. Reader's Digest, Vol 157, No.944, December 2000, Australian edition, pp. 49-54.
• Brown, Dorcas and David Anthony. 1997. Soft Bits and Hard Questions. International Institute for Ancient Equestrian Studies, Hartwick College, NY. (v. Jan 1997).
  www.hartwick.edu/anthropology/softb.html
• Brundige Ellen N. 1993. Greek Scholarship at Alexandria. The Perseus Project.
  www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Ellen/Museum.html
• Brunero, Angelo and Andrea Valori. 2001. The invention of the radio (v. Jul 2001).
  www.alpcom.it/hamradio/radeng.html
• Bumgarner, Lee S. 1995?. USENET: The Great Renaming 1985 - 1988. (v. 1995?).
  www.vrx.net/usenet/history/rename.html
• Bush, Vannevar. 1945. As We May Think. The Atlantic Monthly, July 1945; Volume 176, No. 1; pages 101-108.
  www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm
• Byrne, Eddie. 2000. Altavista - a history; Excite - a history; Infoseek - a history; Lycos - a history; WebCrawler - a history. In WebSerch: The Web Research Resource. (v. 2000).
  www.clubi.ie/webserch/engine_spec.htm

C

• Cailliau, Robert. 1995. A Little History of the World Wide Web (v. Oct 1995).
  www.w3.org/History.html
• The Canberra Times, 1 Jan, 2000. [various reports on the New year celebrations].
• Cardman, Joanna M. nd. Simple Gadgets, Interesting Facts.
  dailynewsmckeesport.com/dump/Ligdgts0.htm
• Carlson, David E. 1998-present. David Carlson's Online Timeline [Carlson's New Media Timeline] (1960 to present). Interactive Media Lab., University of Florida. (v. 23 Sep 2002).
  iml.jou.ufl.edu/carlson/professional/new_media/timeline.htm
• Chandler, David. 1999. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. Ware: Wordsworth Editions Ltd.
• Chang Joanne, Anna Soellner and Kristien Knapp. 1999. Decoding Device, Greece, 5th Century BCE, Smith Museum, Smith College, MA, US (v.1999).
  www.smith.edu/hsc/museum/ancient_inventions/decoder2.html
• Christensen, Ward. 2002-2003. Personal communication, emails, Mon, 23 Dec 2002; Thu, 09 Jan 2003.
• Ciolek, T. Matthew. 1997. ANU Social Sciences & Asian-Pacific Studies Information Services (v. 24 Nov 1997)
  ftp://coombs.anu.edu.au/coombspapers/anu-soc-sci-inf-services.txt
• Ciolek, T. Matthew. 1998. Asian Studies and the WWW: a Quick Stocktaking at the Cusp of two Millennia. In: Shen, Stella (ed.). 1998. Proceedings of the Pacific Neighbourhood Consortium (PNC) Annual Meeting, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 15-18 May 1998.
  www.ciolek.com/pnc-taipei-98.html
• Ciolek, T. Matthew. forthcoming. Trade Routes. (a 1,500 words article). In: Roland Robertson and Jan Aart Scholte (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Globalization. Grolier Academic.
• Clark, Manning. 1986. A Short History of Australia - Illustrated Edition. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books.
• Coates, James. 1999. Online Offensives in Web War I. The Australian, Tuesday, April 13, 1999. Computers, pp.6
• Coe, Lewis. 1993. The Telegraph: A History of Morse's Invention and its Predecessors in the United States. MacFarland and Company Publishers.
• Compaq Corporation. 1998. Altavista - The Internet's Home Page (v. Dec 1998).
  www.altavista.com
• Cover, Robin. 2000. The XML Cover Pages: WAP Wireless Markup Language Specification (WML) (v. 28 Jun 2000).
  www.oasis-open.org/cover/wap-wml.html
• Cunningham, Phillip J. 1997. Teilhard de Chardin and the Noosphere, CMC Magazine, March 1997.
  www.december.com/cmc/mag/1997/mar/cunning.html

D

• Davies, Norman. 1997. Europe: a History. London: Pimlico Random House.
• DCMI. 2003. History of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (v. Jun 2003).
  dublincore.org/about/history/
• Deutsch, Peter, Alan Emtage and Bill Heelan. 1995. Archie(*) - An Electronic Directory Service for the Internet (v. Feb 1995).
  ftp://archie.mcgill.ca/pub/bunyip-docs/archie.whatis
• Dewey, Patrick R. 1987. Essential Guide to Bulletin-Board Systems. Westport, Connecticut: Meckler.
• Dodd, Carol Anne. 1992. What is a FidoNet? Discussion of the Growth and Development of an Amateur Computer Network. Carleton University March, 1992. Working Papers in Public Access Networks (v. Mar 1992). www.carleton.ca/~jweston/papers/0992.dod

E

• Elting, John R. 1997. Swords Around a Throne: Napoleon's Grande Armee. London: George Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
• Effinger, Anthony and Mylene Mangalidan. 1998. Sun to set Java free. The Australian. 15 December, 1988. pp.50.
• Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. History of Encyclopaedia Britannica and Britannica.com (v. Jun 2003).
  corporate.britannica.com/company_info.html
• Euro-Marketing. 1998. Global Internet Statistics by Language. (v. Dec 1998).
  www.euromktg.com/globstats/

F

• Fact Monster, 2008. How Many Online Worldwide? (v. Feb 2010).
  www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0882184.html
• Faculte de Medecine, Universite H. Poincare, Nancy. 1996. Joseph Marie Jacquard (v. Sep 1996).
  www.spieao.u-nancy.fr/eaoinfo/jacquard.html
• Frauenfelder, Mark. 1998. The Future of Search Engines. The Industry Standard, 25 Sep 1998. (v. Sep 1998)
  www.thestandard.com/articles/display/0,1449,1826,00.html?01
• Fuller, J.F.C. 1958. The Generalship of Alexander the Great. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode (Publishers) Ltd.
• Fuller, J.F.C. 1965. Julius Caesar: Man, Soldier and Tyrant. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode (Publishers) Ltd.

G

• Gabriel, Richard P. 1996. Patterns of Software: Tales from the Software Community. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Georges, Jean. 1992. Writing: The Story of Alphabets and Scripts. London: New Horisons/Thames and Hudson.
• Gillies, James and Robert Cailliau. 2000. How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web. Oxford: University Press.
• Gilster, Paul. 1997. Digital Literacy. New York: Willey Computer Publishing.
• The GSM Association. 2001. Texting takes off around the world. (v. 5 Apr 2001).
  www.gsmworld.com/index1.html
• Golden, Frederick. 1999. Writing Without Moving a Muscle. Time Magazine, April 5th, 1999. pp. 52.
  cgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/articles/0,3266,22198,00.html
• Goodman, Danny. 1987. The Complete Hypercard Handbook. Toronto-New York: Bantam Books.
• Google Inc. 1998. About Google! (v. Dec 1998).
  www.google.com/about.html
• Google Inc. 2000. Google Goes Mobile With Industry's First Comprehensive Wireless Search Engine (v. 27 Apr 2000).
  www.google.com/pressrel/pressrelease20.html
• Google Inc. 2000- present. Site statistics.
  www.google.com
• Google Affiliate Program. 2000. An email circular distributed 18 Aug 2000 among the Google Affliates by affiliate-help@google.com
• Greenwich 2000 Network. 1999. GMT - Greenwich Mean Time : Frequently Asked Questions (v. 1999)
  time.greenwich2000.com/info/timefaqs.htm
• Grobe, Michael. 1997. An Early History of Lynx: Multidimensional Collaboration. (v. 10 Apr 1997)
  www.cc.ukans.edu/~grobe/early-lynx.html
• Grolier - The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1993. Release 6. CD-ROM. Entries: Galileo, Gambetta, Ptolemy I., Wright, balloon, cuneiform, database, film, papyrus, parchment, pigeons, photography, seven wonders of the world, silverpoint, telegraph, television.

H

• Hadden, Jeffrey. K. and Douglas E. Cowan. 2000. The Promised Land or Electronic Chaos? Toward Understanding Religion on the Internet. In Hadden, J.K. and D.E. Cowan (Eds.), Religion on the Internet: Research Prospects and Promises (pp.3-21). 2000. Amsterdam/London/New York: JAI Press.
• Han, Moo-Young. 1999. Personal communication. Email. 7 Jan 1999.
• Hafner, Katie. 2001. The 30-Year Path of E-Mail. The New York Times: Technology/Circuits. December 6, 2001.
  www.nytimes.com/2001/12/06/technology/circuits/06EMAI.html
• Harold, Elliotte Rusty. 1997. The comp.lang.java FAQ List. (v. 6 Oct 1997).
  metalab.unc.edu/javafaq/javafaq.html
• Hauben, Michael and Ronda Hauben. 1995. Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet.
  www.columbia.edu/~hauben/netbook
• Horowitz, Amy. 1999. An email circular from office@getmoretraffic.com address. 7 Jan 1999.
• Hughes, Brian. 1999. Trust Buster. Wired, April 1999, p. 38.

I

• Intel Corporation. 2000. Intel Introduces Pentium III Processor At 1.0 Gigahertz Press Release, 8 Mar 2000.
  www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/sp030800.htm
• International Museum of the Horse. nd. The Legacy of the Horse.
  www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl1b.html
• The Internet Archive. 2001 - present. The Internet Archive: building an "Internet Library." San Francisco, CA, US.
  www.archive.org
• Internet Software Consortium. The Internet Domain Survey: 1995 - present. [https://www.isc.org/solutions/survey/history]
  www.isc.org
• Internet World Statistics News and Population Stats. 2009 - present. World Internet Users and Population Stats.
  www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

J

• James, Peter and Nick Thorpe. 1994. Ancient Inventions: Wonders of the Past! Ballantine Books.
• Jensen, Mallory. 2003. Emerging Alternatives: A Brief History of Weblogs. Columbia Journalism review, May 2003
  www.cjr.org/issues/2003/5/blog-jensen.asp
• Juva, Andreas. 2001. Europomedia.net: News - More than 80% of Austrian teens have mobile phone, use internet. (v. 4 Apr 2001).
  www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=2397
• Järnefors, Olle. 1996. A short overview of ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode. (v. 26 Feb 1996).
  www.nada.kth.se/i18n/ucs/unicode-iso10646-oview.html

K

• Kahle, Brewster. 1996. Archiving the Internet. (v. 11 Apr 1996).
  www.archive.org/sciam_article.html
• Kahle, Brewster & Bruce Gilliat. 1996. Alexa Internet Vision - Company (v. Apr 1996)
  www.alexa.com/company/index.html
• Kelly, Fred. 1983. The Wright brothers. Toronoto- New York-London-Sydney: Bantam Books.
• Kelly, Kevin and Spencer Reiss. 1998. One Huge Computer. Wired 6(8), August 1998, pp. 128-133, 169-170, 182.
• Kessler, Gary C. and Steven D. Shepard. 1997. A Primer On Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities (RFC 2151). (v. Jun 1997).
  www.hill.com/library/rfc2151.html
• Ketupa.net. 2002. Ketupa.net media profiles timeline. (v. Sep 2002).
  www.ketupa.net/timeline.htm
• Knight, Daniel. 1999. Macintosh History (v. 1999).
  lowendmac.com/history/index.shtml
• Knops, Cor. 1998. Book History Chronology (v. Nov 1998).
  www.xs4all.nl/~knops/index3.htm
• Koster, Martijn. 1994. Personal communication. London, May 1994.

L

• L-Soft International, Inc. (eds.). 1999. CataList, the official catalog of LISTSERV lists. (v. 7 Jan 1999).
  www.lsoft.com/lists/listref.html
• La Tour, Adam Michael. (nd). Gopher Presentation. (v. March 1995).
  www.cox.smu.edu/class/mis6386/people/latour/amlpres.html
• Laursen, Jesper Vissing. 1997. The Internet: Past, Present and Future - Internet & WWW History (v. 7 Oct 1997).
  www.vissing.dk/inthist.html
• Lawrence, Steve and C. Lee Giles. 1998. Searching the World Wide Web. Science, Vol. 280 (3 April, 1998). pp.98-100.
• Lawrence, Steve and C. Lee Giles. 1999. Accessibility and Distribution of Information on the Web. Nature, Jul 1999 [details to be provided]
  www.wwwmetrics.com
• Lee, J. A. N. 1994. Charles Babbage (v. 30 Sep 1994).
  ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.html
• Luening, Erich. 2001. High-speed Net subscribers surpass 9 million. CNET News.com. (v. 1 Jun 2001).
  news.cnet.com/news/0-1004-200-6157676.html
• Levinson, Paul. 1997. The Soft Edge: A Natural History and Future of the Information Revolution. London and New York: Routledge.
• Livesey, Anthony. 1987. Battles of the Great Commanders. London: Michael Joseph Ltd.

M

• Manguel, Alberto. 1996. A History of Reading. New York: Viking and Penguin Books.
• Maxfield & Montrose Interactive Inc. 1998. 1927 AD Vannevar Bush's Differential Analyser.
  www.maxmon.com/1927ad.htm
• The Media History Project, Inc. 1998. MHP: Timeline by Chronology.
  www.mediahistory.com/time/century.html
• Meyer, Michael D. 2005. Transportation. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. (v. 23 Apr 2005)
  encarta.msn.com/text_761558787___2/Transportation.html
• Momsen, Bill. 1999. Codebreaking and Secret Weapons in World War II (v. 3 Jan 1999)
  members.aol.com/nbrass/1enigma.htm
• Moulding, Helge. 1996. AFU White Paper: The Decline and Fall of Betamax (v. 8 May 1996).
  www.urbanlegends.com/products/beta_vs_vhs.html

N

• Nadeau, Luis. 1993. Chronology of Office Copying Processes (v. 27 Feb 1997).
  palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/repro/nadeau1.html
• National Space Science Data Center. 1996. NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft - ATS 1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, US (v. 8 Feb 1996).
  nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/database/www-nmc?66-110A
• Nelson, Lynn. H. 1998. Personal communication. Email. 4 May 1998.
• Net-Happenings Digest (NET-HAPPENINGS@HYPATIA.CS.WISC.EDU). 2000. Special issue - 3 May 2000 to 4 May 2000 (#2000-251). [The Net-Happenings mailing list is a service of the Internet Scout Project --- http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/]
• Netcraft. 2003-present. Web Server Survey Archives - Netcraft.
  news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_survey.html
• Netscape Co. 1998. Netscape Announces Plans To Make Next-generation Communicator Source Code Available Free on the Net
  www.netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease558.htm
• Network Wizards. 1999. Internet Domain Survey. (v. Jan 1999)
  www.nw.com/zone/WWW/top.html
• The New York Times. 1999. From Two Small Nodes, a Mighty Web Has Grown Oct 12, 1999.
  www10.nytimes.com/library/national/science/101299sci-internet-anniversary.html
• The Government of Newfoundland & Labrador. 2001. Receiving the World (v. Jul 2001).
  www.gov.nf.ca/marconi/index.htm
• Nielsen, Jakob. 1995. Short History of Hypertext (v. Jun 1995).
  www.useit.com/alertbox/history.html
• Nielsen//NetRatings. 2001. April Internet Universe (v. 30 May 2001).
  www.nielsen-netratings.com/
• Nua Internet. 2001-present. How many online? (v. 10 Jun 2005).
  www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/index.html

O

• O'Connor, John J and Edmund F Robertson. 1998a. Charles Babbage (v. Oct 1998).
  www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Babbage.html
• O'Connor, John J and Edmund F Robertson. 1998b. George Boole (v. Oct 1998).
  www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Boole.html
• Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church. 1998-present. History of Lebanon (v. Mar 2005).
  www.mountlebanon.org/historyoflebanon.html

P

• Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (PWN). 1962 (Vol. 1); 1963 (Vol. 2); 1964a (Vol. 3); 1964b (Vol. 4); 1965a (Vol. 5); 1965b (Vol. 6); 1966a (Vol. 7); 1966b (Vol. 8); 1967 (Vol. 9); 1969 (Vol. 12). Wielka Powszechna Encyclopedia PWN. Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
• Patterson, Jason. 1996. The History of Computers During My Lifetime (v. Sep 1996).
  www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfComputers/index.html
• Parfeni, Lucian. 2009. YouTube Serves 1 Billion Videos per Day (v. Apr 2010).
  news.softpedia.com/news/YouTube-Serves-1-Billion-Videos-per-Day-123934.shtml
• Parfeni, Lucian. 2010. The First YouTube Video Was Uploaded Five Years Ago - An 18-second clip that would spark a revolution (v. Apr 2010).
  news.softpedia.com/news/The-First-YouTube-Video-Was-Uploaded-Five-Years-Ago-140485.shtml
• Polsson, Ken. 1998. Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers (v. 23 Oct 1998).
  web.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comphist.htm
• Postel. J. 1980. Telnet Protocol Specification (RFC 764). (v. Jun 1994).
  www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfc/rfc764.html

Q

• Quarterman, John S. 1996. MIDS Timeline of Network History (v. 1996).
  www.mids.org/timeline/
• Quittner, Joshua. 1999. An eye on the future: Jeff Bezos merely want Amazon.com to be Earth's biggest seller of everything. "Time" No.52, Dec 27, 1999.

R

• Rheingold, Howard. 1994. The Virtual Community: Finding Connection in a Computerised World. London: Secker & Warburg.
• Reid, Robert. H. 1997. Architects of the Web: 1,000 days that Built the Future of Business. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Riordan, Michael and Lillian Hoddeson. 1997. Crystal Fire: The Invention of the Transistor and the Birth of the Information Age. New York and London: W W Norton & Company.

S

• St. Pierre, Margaret, et al. 1994. WAIS over Z39.50-1988 (RFC 1625). (v. Jun 1994)
  www.cis.ohio-state.edu/rfc/rfc1625.txt
• Sanford Berol. nd.a The Pen: It's History and Manufacture
  www.sanford.co.uk/pen/
• Sanford Berol. nd.b The History of the Pencil
  www.sanford.co.uk/pencil/
• Schiff, Stacy. 1996. Saint-Exupery: a Biography. London: Pimlico Random House.
• Schietinger, Jörg and Linda Brüggemann. 1998. The History of Telecommunications from 1840 To 1870. (v. 15 Apr 1998).
  www-stall.rz.fht-esslingen.de/telehistory/1840-.html
• Schnierle, Matt. 1995. alt.conspiracy.usenet-cabal Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). (v. 7 Sep 1995).
  www.landfield.com/faqs/usenet/cabal-conspiracy-FAQ
• Secret, Arthur. 1996. Coordination of the WWW Virtual Library. (v. 1996)
  www.w3.org/vl/coordination.html
• Selberg, Erik. 1997. A brief history of MetaCrawler (v. early 1998)
  www.metacrawler.com/help/selberg-history.html
• Severance, Charles. nd. A Brief History of Unix (v. Jan 1999).
  www.ocean.odu.edu/ug/unix_history.html
• Shepard, Alan and Deke Slayton at al. 1995. Moon Shot: The Inside Story of America's Race to the Moon. London: Virgin Books.
• Sherratt, Andrew. 2003. Trade Routes: The Growth of Global Trade. ArchAtlas, Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford. (v. 15 Feb 2005)
  www.arch.ox.ac.uk/ArchAtlas/Trade/Trade.htm
• Silicon Spirits. 1998. Computer History 1946-1997 - the modern day computer and it's roots (v. 1998).
  www.siliconspirits.com/comphist.htm
• Silverman, Steve. nd. Joseph Priestley - The king of Serendipity.
  home.nycap.rr.com/useless/priestly/priestly.html
• Sloane, N.J.A. and A.D. Wyner. n.d. Biography of Claude Elwood Shannon (v. 199?).
  www.research.att.com/~njas/doc/shannonbio.html
• Sloane, Steve and William Oldfield. 1998. Tools & Procedures for the Creation of Digital Libraries. Ontario Library Association. (v. Jan 1998).
  www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/IRC/Annual_Report98/wro/XML-Final/tsld001.htm
• Sobel, Dava. 1996. Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time. London: Fourth Estate Ltd.
• Sterling, Bruce and Richard Kadrey. 1999. Dead Media Project (v. 27 Apr 1999).
  www.wps.com/dead-media/index.html
• Standage, Tom. 1998. The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century's Online Pioneers. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
• Sun Microsystems. 1998. Java Technology Home page. (v. Dec 1998).
  java.sun.com
• SoundSite Inc. 1998 Audio/Video History
  www.soundsite.com/history/history.html
• Southwick, Scott. 1997. What is IRC? (v. Dec 1998).
  www.liszt.com/www.liszt.com/chat/intro.html
• Southwick, Scott (ed.). 1998. Liszt, the mailing list directory. (v. 31 Dec 1998).
  www.liszt.com
• Swerdlow, Joel L. 1995. Information Revolution. National Geographic, Vol. 188(4), Oct 1995, pp.2-36.

T

• Tarnas, Richard. 1996. The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas Which Have Shaped Our World View. London: Pimlico Random House.
• Thomas, Hugh. 1995. An Unfinished History of the World. London: Papermac Macmillan General Books.
• Topica Email Publisher. 2002. Thousands of Newsletters and Discussions. (v. 22 May 2002).
  www.liszt.com
• Trimble Navigation Limited. 1997. All About GPS - GPS Tutorial.
  www.trimble.com/gps/fsections/aa_f0.htm

U

• US Today. 2002. The Great Idea Finder: PC Modem (v. 3 Sep 2002).
  http://www.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/ctd913.htm

V

• Van Doren, Charles. 1991. A History of Knowledge: Past, Present and Future. New York: Ballantine Books.
• Museo Nazionale della Scienzia e della Tecnica "Leonardo da Vinci". nd. Caselli Pantelegraph. Milano. (v. 9 Mar 2002).
  www.museoscienza.org/english/radio/telefax.html
• Vaunt Design Group. 2002. The Great Idea Finder: Fax machine (v. 15 Feb 2002).
  www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/story051.htm

W

• Wiki. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. (v. 4 Feb 2007).
  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki
• Wikipedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. (v. 4 Feb 2007).
  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia
• Wilcox, Joe. 1999. Barnes & Noble set to print books on demand. CNET News.com (v. 9 Dec 1999).
  home.cnet.com/category/0-1007-200-1489335.html
• Witt, Sam. 1999. Is human chip implant wave of the future? (v. 14 Jan 1999).
  cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/14/chipman.idg/index.html
• Wolf, Gary. 1994. The (Second Phase of the) Revolution Has Begun (v. Oct 1994).
  www.wired.com/wired/2.10/features/mosaic.html

Y

• Young, Jeffrey S. 1999. The Next Net. Wired, April 1999, p. 150-153, 185-188.

Z

• Zakon, Robert H. 1998-present Hobbes' Internet Timeline. (v. 31 Jan 2005)
  www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
• Zuse, Horst. 1999. The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse (v. 1999)
  www.epemag.com/zuse/

Copyright (c) 1999-2008 by T. Matthew Ciolek. All rights reserved. Permission is granted for use of this document in whole or in part for non-commercial purposes as long as this Copyright notice and a link to this document, at the archive listed at the end, is included. A copy of the material the "Milestones" appear in is requested. For commercial uses, please contact the author first.

This page has been tested for full accessibility

URL http://www.ciolek.com/GLOBAL/sources.html